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Affection (also known as vowel affection, infection or vowel mutation), in the linguistics of the Celtic languages, is the change in the quality of a vowel under the influence of the vowel of the following final syllable. It is a type of assimilation, or, more specifically, anticipatory (or regressive) assimilation at a distance.
The two main types of affection are a-affection and i-affection.[1] There is also u-affection, which is more usually referred to as u-infection. I-affection is an example of i-mutation and may be compared to the Germanic umlaut, and a-affection is similar to Germanic a-mutation. More rarely, the term "affection", like "umlaut", may be applied to other languages and is then a synonym for i-mutation generally.
The vowel triggering the change was often later lost; for example, the plural of Welsh bardd "bard, poet" is beirdd, from *bardī with i-affection.[2] (Compare the similar umlaut process in English man/men.) In other cases, the grammatical suffix that causes i-affection remains, such as in cleifion, plural of claf "patient (n.)". (See Middle Welsh for more examples.)
See also
References
- ↑ Benjamin W. Fortson, Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction. 2nd edition. Blackwell, 2010. ISBN 978-1-4051-8895-1, p. 317, 321, 328.
- ↑ David Willis, “Old and Middle Welsh,” in *The Celtic Languages*, 2nd ed., edited by Martin J. Ball and Nicole Müller. Routledge, 2009. ISBN 9780203882481, p. 122. doi:10.4324/9780203882481
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