| Creaky-voiced glottal approximant | |
|---|---|
| ʔ̬ | |
| ʔ̰ | |
| Audio sample | |
A creaky-voiced glottal approximant or voiced glottal stop is a consonant sound in some languages. In the IPA, it is transcribed as ⟨ʔ̬⟩[1] or ⟨ʔ̰⟩.[2] It involves tension in the glottis and diminution of airflow, compared to surrounding vowels, but not full occlusion.
Features
Features of a creaky-voiced glottal approximant:
- Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by narrowing the vocal tract at the place of articulation, but not enough to produce a turbulent airstream.
- Its phonation is creaky-voiced.
- It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
- Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central–lateral dichotomy does not apply.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
It is an intervocalic allophone of a glottal stop in many languages.
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gimi | hagok | /haʔ̬oʔ/ | 'many' | It is reported to be contrastive in which it is phonologically the voiced equivalent of the glottal stop /ʔ/.[3] Identified as /ʔ/ by one author.[4] |
| Tundra Nenets | [example needed] | [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] |
See also
Notes
- ↑ Garellek, Marc; Chai, Yuan; Huang, Yaqian; Van Doren, Maxine (2023). "Voicing of glottal consonants and non-modal vowels". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 53 (2): 305–332. doi:10.1017/S0025100321000116.
- ↑ Kehrein, Wolfgang; Golston, Chris (2005). "A prosodic theory of laryngeal contrasts". Phonology. 21 (3): 325–357. doi:10.1017/S0952675704000302. JSTOR 4615515. S2CID 62734231.
- ↑ Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 77–78. ISBN 0-631-19815-6.
- ↑ Gimi Organised Phonology Data. [Manuscript]
- ↑ Katz, Hartmut. 1975. Generative Phonologie und phonologische Sprachbunde des Ostjakischen und Samojedischen. (Münchener Universit"ats-Schriften, Finnisch-ugrische Bibliothek, 1.) München: Universit"at München.
- ↑ Tereshchenko, N. M. 1966. Neneckij jazyk. In Lytkin, V. I. and Majtinskaja, K. E. (eds.), Jazyki narodov SSSR. Volume 3: Finno-ugorskie i samodijskie jazyki, 376–395. Moscow / Leningrad: Nauka.
- ↑ Décsy, Gyula. 1966. Yurak Chrestomathy. (Indiana University Publications, Uralic and Altaic Series, 50.) Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- ↑ Hajdú, Peter. 1963. The Samoyed Peoples and Languages. (Indiana University Publications, Uralic and Altaic Series, 14.) Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- ↑ Ristinen, Elaine K. 1965. On the Phonemes of Nenets. Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher 40. 22–44.
- ↑ Ristinen, Elaine K. 1968. Problems Concerning Vowel Length in Nenets. Ural-Altaisches Journal 40. 22–44.
- ↑ Colarusso (2012), p. 2.
References
- Colarusso, John (2012), The Typology of the Gutturals (PDF)
