Rutilus

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Wikipedia

Rutilus
Common roach (Rutilus rutilus)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Leuciscidae
Subfamily: Leuciscinae
Genus: Rutilus
Rafinesque, 1820[1]
Type species
Cyprinus rutilus
Synonyms[1]
  • Cenisophius Bonaparte, 1846
  • Gardonus Bonaparte, 1846
  • Metallites Schulze, 1890
  • Orfus Fitzinger, 1873
  • Pararutilus Berg, 1912
  • Pigus Bonaparte, 1846
  • Rubellus Fitzinger, 1873

Rutilus, commonly known as roaches, is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related fishes. This genus is a widely distributed lineage of leuciscids and ranges from West Europe to East Siberia.[2]

Taxonomy

Rutilus was first proposed as a genus in 1820 by the French polymath Constantine Samuel Rafinesque with Cyprinus rutilus designated as the type species but also the type species by absolute tautonymy.[1] Cyprinus rutilus was first formally described in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae by Carl Linnaeus with "European lakes" given as the type locality.[3]

In a phylogeographic study, Levin et al. (2017) argue that the Ponto-Caspian taxa including R. caspicus, R. heckelii and R. stoumboudae could represent a single widespread species whose range extends to Siberia, to be named Rutilus lacustris, whereas R. kutum is included in R. frisii.[4]

The genera Leucos and Sarmarutilus have been recently separated from Rutilus and are closely related to it.[5]

Etymology

Rutilus was chosen as the genus name by tautonymy with Cyprinus rutilus; rutilus means red, golden red or reddish yellow, and is an allusion to the red colour of the fins.[6]

Species

Rutilus contains the following valid species:[3]

Characteristics

Rutilus, according to Rafinesque, was characterised by "Vent posterior nearer to the tail. Abdominal fins with nine rays. Mouth large and with lips. Scales large."[7] The smallest species in the genus is R. sojuchbulagi with a maximum total length of 7 cm (2.8 in),[8] while the largest are R. frisii and R. meidingeri with a maximum total length of 70 cm (28 in).[2]

Distribution

Rutilus is a widely distributed genus of leuciscids and fishes from this genus are found from Western Europe to Eastern Siberia.[9]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Leuciscinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 16 April 2025.
  2. 1 2 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Rutilus". FishBase. February 2025 version.
  3. 1 2 Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Rutilus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 16 April 2025.
  4. ↑ Levin, B.A.; Simonov, E.P.; Ermakov, O.A.; Levina, M.A.; Interesova, E.A.; Kovalchuk, O.M.; Malinina, Y.A.; Mamilov, N.S.; Mustafayev, N.J.; Pilin, D.V.; Pozdeev, I.V.; Prostakov, N.I.; Roubenyan, H.R.; Titov, S.V.; Vekhov, D.A. (2017). "Phylogeny and phylogeography of the roaches, genus Rutilus (Cyprinidae), at the Eastern part of its range as inferred from mtDNA analysis". Hydrobiologia. 788 (1): 33–46.
  5. ↑ Bianco, P.G.; Ketmaier, V. (2014). "A revision of the Rutilus complex from Mediterranean Europe with description of a new genus, Sarmarutilus, and a new species, Rutilus stoumboudae (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3841 (3): 379–402. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3841.3.4.
  6. ↑ Christopher Scharpf (8 April 2024). "Family LEUCISCIDAE: Subfamily LEUCISCINAE Bonaparte 1835 (European Minnows)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 16 April 2025.
  7. ↑ Richard Ellsworth Call (1899) [1820]. Ichthyologia Ohiensis [or Natural History of the Fishes Inhabiting the River Ohio and its Tributary Streams]. The Burrows Brothers Co. includes a reprint of Rafinesque's original text
  8. ↑ Freyhof, Jörg; Yoğurtçuoğlu, Baran; Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash; Kaya, Cüneyt (2025). Handbook of Freshwater Fishes of West Asia. p. 397.
  9. ↑ B. A. Levin; E. P. Simonov; O. A. Ermakov; et al. (2016). "Phylogeny and phylogeography of the roaches, genus Rutilus (Cyprinidae), at the Eastern part of its range as inferred from mtDNA analysis". Hydrobiologia. 788 (1): 33–46. doi:10.1007/s10750-016-2984-3.