Sharpless catalog

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Sharpless catalog
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The Sharpless catalog is a list of 313 H II regions (emission nebulae) intended to be comprehensive north of declination −27°. (It does include some nebulae south of that declination as well.) The first edition was published in 1953 with 142 objects (Sh1), and the second and final version was published by US astronomer Stewart Sharpless in 1959 with 312 objects. Sharpless also includes some planetary nebulae and supernova remnants, in addition to H II regions.[1]

In 1953 Stewart Sharpless joined the staff of the United States Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station,[2] where he surveyed and cataloged H II regions of the Milky Way using the images from the Palomar Sky Survey. From this work Sharpless published his catalog of H II regions in two editions: the first in 1953, with 142 nebulae;[3] and the second and final edition in 1959, with 312 nebulae.[2][4]

Sharpless coordinates are based on the star catalogs Bonner Durchmusterung (BD) and Cordoba Durchmusterung (CD), but the second release was adjusted to the 1900 epoch.[1]

In the second release, some coordinates for southern hemisphere regions have an uncertainty over 1 minute of arc.[1] This can make them difficult to find, so a revised catalog called BFS (Blitz, Fich and Stark) was released[1] with 65 new regions and about 20 removals.[1] Most of the removed items were the aforementioned nebula or remnants.[1]

The 312 items in Sharpless sometimes overlap with the 110 Messier objects (M), 7,840 objects in the New General Catalogue (NGC), the Caldwell catalogue (itself a "best of" from other catalogues, with 109 items), and the RCW catalog. Contemporary catalogs were Gum and RCW, but they mainly covered the southern hemisphere.

Table

Table of second Sharpless (1958 version) catalog; click on image for image credit, most of which are either various amateur astronomers, the ESO, ESA, or NASA

Sh2 No.common nameImagesNames and designations
Sh 2-1
Sh 2-3RCW 120
Sh 2-6Bug NebulaSh2-6, NGC 6302, Bug Nebula,

PK 349+01 1, Butterfly Nebula, RCW 124, Gum 60, Caldwell 69

Sh 2-8NGC 6334ESO 392-EN 009, Sharpless 8, RCW 127, Gum 64, NGC 6334
Sh 2-9Gum 65
Sh 2-10RCW 130
Sh 2-11War and Peace NebulaSh2-11, NGC 6357, RCW 131, Gum 66, War and Peace Nebula
Sh 2-25Lagoon NebulaSh2 25, RCW 146, Gum 72, Messier 8
Sh 2-29Sharpless 29Sh2 29, NGC 6559
Sh 2-30Trifid NebulaSh2 30, Messier 20, NGC 6514, RCW 147, Gum 76
Sh 2-34Forgotten NebulaGum 77, RCW 149, LBN 38
Sh 2-37Twiddlebug NebulaGum 78, IC 1283/4, RCW 153, LBN 47
Sh 2-41LBN 51
Sh 2-45Omega NebulaOmega Nebula, Messier 17, NGC 6618, Swan Nebula, Sharpless 45, RCW 160, Gum 81
Sh 2-49Eagle NebulaSh2 49, Messier 16, NGC 6611, RCW 165, Gum 83
Sh 2-54
Sh 2-64W 40Sh2 64, RCW 174
Sh 2-86
Sh 2-88
Sh 2-101Tulip NebulaSharpless 101, Cygnus Star Cloud
Sh 2-105Crescent NebulaSh2 105, NGC 6888, Sharpless 105, Caldwell 27
Sh 2-106Celestial Snow AngelSh2-106, Celestial Snow Angel
Sh 2-113Flying Dragon Nebula
Sh 2-117North America NebulaNGC 7000, Caldwell 20
Sh 2-125Cocoon NebulaIC 5146, Caldwell 19
Sh 2-140Sh2-140 Sh2-140
Sh 2-155Cave NebulaSh2-155, Caldwell 9
Sh 2-158NGC 7538Sh2-158, NGC 7538
Sh 2-162Bubble NebulaSh2-162, NGC 7635, Bubble nebula
Sh 2-170Little Rosette NebulaSh2-170, LBN 577, Little Rosette Nebula
Sh 2-171NGC 7822Sh2-171, NGC 7822
Sh 2-184NGC 281NGC 281, IC 11
Sh 2-185
Sh 2-191Maffei 1Sh2-191, Maffei 1, PGC 9892
Sh 2-197Maffei 2Sh2-197, Maffei 2, UGCA 39,[5]PGC 10217,[5]
Sh 2-199Soul NebulaSh2-199, LBN 667, Soul Nebula, IC 1848 (cluster only)
Sh 2-201
Sh 2-211, Sh 2-212Tribble NebulaeNGC 1624, Sh2-211, Sh2-212
Sh 2-220California NebulaNGC 1499, Sharpless 220
Sh 2-229Flaming Star NebulaFlaming Star Nebula, Caldwell 31, IC 405, Sh2-229
Sh 2-237NGC 1931Sharpless 237
Sh 2-238Hind's NebulaNGC 1555, Hind's Nebula, Sharpless 238
Sh 2-240Simeis 147
Sh 2-244Crab NebulaMessier 1, NGC 1952,
Sh 2-248Jellyfish NebulaIC 443, Sh2-248, Jellyfish Nebula
Sh 2-264
Sh 2-275Rosette NebulaSh2-275, CTB 21
Sh 2-276Barnard's LoopSh2-276, Barnard's Loop
Sh 2-277Flame NebulaSh2-271, NGC 2024
Sh 2-279Running Man NebulaNGC 1973, NGC 1975, NGC 1977
Sh 2-281Orion NebulaMessier 42, NGC 1976, LBN 974
Sh 2-297Sh2-297Ced 90, LBN 1039
Sh 2-298Thor's HelmetThor's Helmet, Gum 4, Sharpless 298, NGC 2359
Sh 2-302RCW 7
Sh 2-308
Sh 2-313Abell 35

List

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Galaxy Map – The Gum, RCW, Sharpless and BFS catalogs
  2. 1 2 Steven, Dick (2002). Sky and Ocean Joined: The U.S. Naval Observatory, 1830–2000. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81599-4.
  3. ↑ Stewart Sharpless, A Catalogue of Emission Nebulae Near the Galactic Plane, Astrophysical Journal, vol. 118, p.362, 1953
  4. ↑ Stewart Sharpless, A Catalogue of H II Regions, Astrophysical Journal Supplement, vol. 4, p.257, 1959
  5. 1 2 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for Maffei 2. Retrieved 2006-11-25.