| Statherian | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Chronology | |||||||||||||
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| Etymology | |||||||||||||
| Name formality | Formal | ||||||||||||
| Usage information | |||||||||||||
| Celestial body | Earth | ||||||||||||
| Regional usage | Global (ICS) | ||||||||||||
| Time scale(s) used | ICS Time Scale | ||||||||||||
| Definition | |||||||||||||
| Chronological unit | Period | ||||||||||||
| Stratigraphic unit | System | ||||||||||||
| Time span formality | Formal | ||||||||||||
| Lower boundary definition | Defined chronometrically | ||||||||||||
| Lower GSSA ratified | 1990[1] | ||||||||||||
| Upper boundary definition | Defined chronometrically | ||||||||||||
| Upper GSSA ratified | 1990[1] | ||||||||||||
The Statherian ( /stəˈθɪəriən/; Ancient Greek: σταθερός, romanized: statherós, meaning "stable, firm") is the fourth and final geologic period in the Paleoproterozoic Era, lasting from 1800 to 1600 million years ago (Ma) and spanning 200 million years. It follows the Orosirian Period and precedes the Calymmian Period, with the latter belonging to the Mesoproterozoic Era. Instead of being based on stratigraphy, these dates are defined chronometrically.
The period was characterized on most continents by either new platforms or final cratonization of fold belts. Oxygen levels were 10% to 20% of current values.[2]
Rafatazmia, controversially[3] claimed to be present in Statherian beds in India, may be the oldest known confirmably eukaryotic fossil organism.[4]
By the beginning of the Statherian, the supercontinent Columbia had assembled.[5]
Approximately 1.7 billion years ago, natural nuclear fission reactors were generating power in what is now Oklo, Gabon.[6]
See also
- Boring Billion – Earth history, 1.8 to 0.8 billion years ago
References
- 1 2 Plumb, Kenneth A. (June 1991). "New Precambrian time scale". Episodes. 14 (2): 139–140. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1991/v14i2/005. eISSN 2586-1298. ISSN 0705-3797. LCCN 78646808. OCLC 4130038. S2CID 126954461.
- ↑ Holland, Heinrich D. (2006). "The oxygenation of the atmosphere and oceans" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences. 361 (1470): 903–915. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1838. PMC 1578726. PMID 16754606.
- ↑ Kumar, S. (2009). "Controversy concerning 'Cambrian' fossils from the Vindhyan sediments: a re-assessment" (PDF). Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India. 54 (1): 115–117.
- ↑ Bengtson, Stefan; Sallstedt, Therese; Belivanova, Veneta; Whitehouse, Martin (2017). "Three-dimensional preservation of cellular and subcellular structures suggests 1.6 billion-year-old crown-group red algae". PLOS Biology. 15 (3) e2000735. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2000735. PMC 5349422. PMID 28291791.
- ↑ Zhao, Guochun; Cawood, Peter A; Wilde, Simon A; Sun, Min (November 2002). "Review of global 2.1–1.8 Ga orogens: implications for a pre-Rodinia supercontinent". Earth-Science Reviews. 59 (1–4): 125–162. Bibcode:2002ESRv...59..125Z. doi:10.1016/S0012-8252(02)00073-9.
- ↑ Davis, E. D.; Gould, C. R.; Sharapov, E. I. (1 April 2014). "Oklo reactors and implications for nuclear science". International Journal of Modern Physics E. 23 (4): 1430007–1430236. arXiv:1404.4948. Bibcode:2014IJMPE..2330007D. doi:10.1142/S0218301314300070. S2CID 118394767.
Further reading
- "Statherian Period". GeoWhen Database. Archived from the original on May 12, 2006. Retrieved January 5, 2006.
- James G. Ogg (2004). "Status on Divisions of the International Geologic Time Scale". Lethaia. 37 (2): 183–199. doi:10.1080/00241160410006492.
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