Carijona language

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Carijona
Hianacoto
Tsahá
Native to	Colombia
Ethnicity	290 Carijona (2007)^[1]
Native speakers	15 (2015)^[2]
Language family	Cariban Guianan Carib Taranoan Carijona
Dialects	Hianacoto Karihona Umaua Guaque
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`cbd`
Glottolog	`cari1279`
ELP	Carijona

Carijona is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.

Carijona (Karihona) is a moribund Cariban language, or probably a pair of languages, of Colombia. It is spoken by only 15 people as of 2015.^[2] Derbyshire (1999) lists the varieties Hianacoto-Umaua and Carijona proper as separate languages.^[3]

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Post-alv./ Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n	ɲ
Plosive/ Affricate	voiceless		t	tʃ	k
Plosive/ Affricate	voiced	b	d	dʒ	ɡ
Fricative			s			h
Tap			ɾ
Approximant		w

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i	ɨ	u
Mid	e	ə	o
Open		a

^[4]

References

↑ Carijona language at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
1 2 Guerrero-Beltran 2019, p. 1.
↑ Derbyshire, Desmond (1999). "Carib". In Dixon, R. M. W. (ed.). The Amazonian languages. Cambridge language surveys (1. publ ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 23–64. ISBN 978-0-521-57021-3.
↑ Guerrero-Beltran (2019).

Franco, Roberto (2002). Los carijonas de Chiribiquete (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Bogotá: Fundación Puerto Rastrojo. ISBN 978-958-33-4458-9.
Guerrero-Beltran, David Felipe (2019). The Grammar of Space in Karijona, a Cariban language from Northwest Amazonia (MA thesis). Bogotá, Colombia: Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Guerrero-Beltran, David Felipe (2016). Estructura de la oración simple en Karijona: lengua indígena de la Amazonía colombiana (BA thesis) (in Spanish). Bogotá, Colombia: Universidad Nacional de Colombia. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.10726.14401.
Guerrero-Beltran, David Felipe; Wojtylak, Katarzyna I. (2022). "Through space, relations, and thoughts: The system of postpositions in Karijona (Cariban, Amazonia)". Studies in Language. 46 (3): 559–593. doi:10.1075/sl.20050.gue.
Robayo, Camilo (2000). "Avance sobre morfología carijona". In González de Pérez, María Stella; Montes Rodríguez, María Emilia (eds.). Lenguas indígenas de Colombia: una visión descriptiva. Santafé de Bogotá: ICC. pp. 171–180. ISBN 9789586110839.
Robayo, Camilo (1997). "Babel de nuevo erigida: el caso de la lengua Carijona". In Pachón, X.; Correa, F. (eds.). Lenguas amerindias: condiciones sociolingüísticas en Colombia. Santafé de Bogotá: Instituto Colombiano Antropología. pp. 541–585. OCLC 42771230.
Schindler, Helmut (2018). Die Karihona: eine Caribgruppe Nordwest-Amazoniens. Ethnologie. München: Herbert Utz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-8316-4715-6. OCLC 1107870042.

Languages of Colombia

Official languages

Spanish

Indigenous
languages

Arawakan	Achawa Cabiyari Piapoco Wayuu Yucuna
Barbacoan	Awa Pit Kokonuco Misak Mwelyama Pasto Totoró
Bora–Witoto	Andoque Bora Minica Huitoto Muinane Murui Huitoto Ocaina
Chibchan	Arhuaco Barí Chimila Kogi Guna Uwa Wiwa
Chocoan	Baudo Catio Chami Eperara Northern Emberá
Guajiboan	Guahibo Guayabero Macaguán
Tucanoan	Barasana-Eduria Carapana Cubeo Cuiba Desano Koreguaje Macaguaje Macuna Pisamira Siona Siriano Tanimuca-Retuarã Tatuyo Tuyuca Waimajã Wajiara Wanano Yauna
Other	Carabayo Carijona Cocama Cofán Inga Kichwa Kakwa Kichwa Nheengatu Nukak Páez Puinave Saliba Ticuna Yukpa

Creoles/Other

Sign languages

Cariban languages

Parukotoan

Pekodian

Bakairí

Xinguan

Paranayubic	Apiaká of Tocantins Yarumá

Kuikuroan

Pimenteira
Kuikúro–Matipuhy

Venezuelan Carib

Pemóng–Panare

Mapoyo–Tamanaku

Kumaná
Tamanaku

Paravilhana–Sapará	Sapará Paravilhana–Pauxiána

Mapoyo-Yawarana	Mapoyo Yabarana Pémono

Unclassified	Yaio

Guianan Carib

Taranoan	Akuriyo Karihona Patagón ? Tiriyo Pauxi

Opón–Yukpa

Opón
Yukpa–Japréria

Yawaperí

Apalaí

Apalaí

Italics indicate extinct languages

This article related to the Indigenous languages of the Americas is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Carijona language

Phonology

Consonants

Vowels

References

Further reading