Dirke Kelem

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Wikipedia

Dirke Kelem
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
Reign13th century
PredecessorJalil (?)
SuccessorIbrahim I Nikale
DynastySayfawa dynasty
FatherDunama II Dibalemi

Dirke Kelem[a] (Dirke Kelem bin Dunama[3]) was mai (ruler) of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in the mid-to-late 13th century.[3] A son of mai Dunama II Dibalemi, Dirke Kelem ruled during a several decade-long period of succession conflict between the sons of Dunama.[1] The precise sequence and chronology of mais is unclear in this period, which lasted from Dunama's death to the rise of Ibrahim I Nikale.[3]

Sources

Dirke Kelem is recorded in lists of Kanem–Bornu rulers (girgams) translated by Gustav Nachtigal (1881), Moïse Landeroin [fr] (1911), and in the work of Yves Urvoy (1941).[1] He is omitted in lists translated by Heinrich Barth (1851) and Richmond Palmer (1936).[1] Among later authors, Dirke Kelem is omitted by Lange (1984)[4] and Stewart (1989),[5] but included by Bosworth (2012).[3]

Dirke Kelem across sources
Author Reign Predecessor Successor Ref
Barth (1851) Omitted — — [1]
Nachtigal (1881) 28 years (1309–1337) Jalil Kade I Aujami [1]
Landeroin (1911) 19 years (1255–1274) Jalil Kade I Aujami [1]
Palmer (1936) Omitted — — [1]
Urvoy (1941) 19 years (1262–1281) Jalil Ibrahim I Nikale [1]
Lange (1984) Omitted — — [4]
Stewart (1989) Omitted — — [5]
Bosworth (2012) ? Jalil Ibrahim I Nikale [3]

Notes

  1. ↑ The name is sometimes spelled as Dirko Kelem.[1] Landeroin (1911) recorded him as Derin Kaloumi.[2]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Cohen, Ronald (1966). "The Bornu King Lists". Boston University Papers on Africa: Volume II: African History. Boston University Press. pp. 52, 57, 62, 80.
  2. ↑ Landeroin, Moïse (1911). "Du Tchad au Niger. — Notice historique". Documents Scientifiques de la Mission Tilho (1906–1909): Tome Deuxième (in French). Imprimerie Nationale. p. 48.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (2012) [1996]. The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. Edinburgh University Press. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-7486-2137-8.
  4. 1 2 Lange, Dierk (1984). "The kingdoms and peoples of Chad". In Niane, Djibril Tamsir (ed.). General history of Africa, IV: Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century. University of California. pp. 261–263. ISBN 978-92-3-101710-0.
  5. 1 2 Stewart, John (1989). African States and Rulers: An Encyclopedia of Native, Colonial and Independent States and Rulers Past and Present. McFarland & Company. p. 146.