| Marranj | |
|---|---|
| Maranunggu | |
| Native to | Australia |
| Region | Daly River; Northern Territory, Coast along Anson Bay, southwest of Darwin |
| Ethnicity | Marranunggu, Emmiyangal, Menthe |
Native speakers | 35 (2007)[1] |
Western Daly
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:zmr – Maranungguamy – Ami (Emmi)zma – Manda (Menthe) |
| Glottolog | waga1259 |
| AIATSIS[2] | N215 Marranj |
| ELP | |
Marranj is an Australian Aboriginal language, a dialect continuum consisting of Maranunggu (Merranunggu, Marranj Warrgat), Menhthe, and Emmi.
Phonology
Consonants
| Peripheral | Laminal | Apical | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labial | Velar | Palatal | Alveolar | ||
| Plosive | p | k | t̠ʲ | t | |
| Nasal | m | ŋ | n̠ʲ | n | |
| Rhotic | r | ɾ | |||
| Lateral | l | ||||
| Approximant | w | j | |||
- Voiceless stop sounds /p, t, t̠ʲ, k/ may also fluctuate to voiced sounds [b, d, d̠ʲ, ɡ] when in intervocalic, post-nasal and post-liquid positions.
- /t/ can also freely be realized as a fricative [θ] in word-initial positions, and when heard as [d], it can also be heard as [ð] when after /n/ and in intervocalic positions.
- Sounds /m, n/ can also occur as geminated [mː, nː]
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| Mid | æ | ə | |
| Low | ɑ |
| Phoneme | Allophones |
|---|---|
| /i/ | [i], [ɪ], [e], [ɛ] |
| /æ/ | [æ], [ɛ] |
| /ɑ/ | [ɑ], [ʌ] |
| /u/ | [u], [ʊ], [o], [ɔː] |
References
- ↑ Maranunggu at Ethnologue (24th ed., 2021)
Ami (Emmi) at Ethnologue (24th ed., 2021)
Manda (Menthe) at Ethnologue (24th ed., 2021) - ↑ N215 Marranj at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- Tryon, Darrell T. An introduction of Maranungku (Northern Australia). B-15, x + 121 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1970. doi:10.15144/PL-B15
External links
- Merranunggu at the Dalylanguages.org website.
- Menthe at the Dalylanguages.org website.
- Emmi at the Dalylanguages.org website.
- PARADISEC archive of open-access Emmi and Menhthe recordings
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