NGC 1194

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Wikipedia

NGC 1194
The lenticular galaxy NGC 1194.
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationCetus
Right ascension03h 03m 49.10s[1]
Declination−01° 06′ 13.37″[1]
Redshift0.013631[1]
Heliocentric radial velocity4086 ± 2[1]
Distance196.2 ± 13.7 Mly (60.14 ± 4.21 Mpc)[1]
Apparent magnitude (V)13.0[2]
Characteristics
TypeSA0+:;Sy1 Sy2[1]
Size~110,000 ly (33.7 kpc) (estimated)[1]
Other designations
PGC 11537, UGC 2514, CGCG 389-068, IRAS 03012-0117, MCG +00-08-078[1]

NGC 1194 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation of Cetus. The redshift of the galaxy is (z) 0.013[1] and it was first discovered by the French astronomer named Édouard Stephan in 1883, whom he described it as both faint and small object with a bright center.[3] It is also classified as a Seyfert type 2 galaxy and such contains a megamaser.[4][5]

Description

NGC 1194 is categorized as an inclined galaxy of type S0 with its position angle orientated at 145°.[5] The nucleus of this galaxy has been found as active and the nuclear spectrum is shown to contain strong signatures of stellar absorption features suggesting the galaxy had underwent a recent wave of star formation.[6] Although classified as a Seyfert Type 1 galaxy, this was later reclassified as a Seyfert Type 2 galaxy.[7][6] Other studies categorized it as a Type 1.9 Seyfert galaxy instead.[8][9] It has a megamaser, with its disk shown to have an inclination angle of 85° and a kinematic position angle of around 337°. The disk is also depicted as extremely large with both an outer and inner radius of 0.51 and 1.33 parsecs respectively.[10]

Observations made with Hubble Space Telescope has also found there is also radio emission present in the galaxy, described as slightly extended along the position angle of 236°. O III imaging found traces of line emission that is mainly displaced on the western side from the nucleus with two blob features separated by 0.6 arcseconds.[11] Further evidence also discovered streams of interstellar gas towards its companion, suggesting the galaxy might have interacted with it.[12]

A study published in 2001 has discovered the continuum of the galaxy has a reddened appearance. When observed, it is likely to originate from either extinction by the stellar population or interstellar dust that has been emitted out by its own active galactic nucleus.[12] The central supermassive black hole of NGC 1194 is also found to be the largest in any of the megamaser galaxies, with a mass of around 6.5 ± 0.4 x 107 Mʘ.[5][13]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "NED Search results for NGC 1194". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2026-02-28.
  2. ↑ "Revised NGC Data for NGC 1194". spider.seds.org. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
  3. ↑ "New General Catalog Objects: NGC 1150 - 1199". cseligman.com. Retrieved 2026-02-28.
  4. ↑ Armah, Mark; Riffel, Rogério; Dahmer-Hahn, L. G.; Davies, R. I.; Dors, O. L.; Kakkad, Darshan; Riffel, Rogemar A.; Rodríguez-Ardila, A.; Ruschel-Dutra, D. (2024-09-30). "Spatially-resolved gas-phase metallicity in Seyfert galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 534 (3): 2723. arXiv:2409.20465. Bibcode:2024MNRAS.534.2723A. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae2263.
  5. 1 2 3 Greene, Jenny E.; Seth, Anil; Lyubenova, Mariya; Walsh, Jonelle; van de Ven, Glenn; Läsker, Ronald (2014-06-03). "Circumnuclear Molecular Gas in Megamaser Disk Galaxies NGC 4388 and NGC 1194". The Astrophysical Journal. 788 (2): 145. arXiv:1405.1430. Bibcode:2014ApJ...788..145G. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/788/2/145. ISSN 0004-637X.
  6. 1 2 Davies, R. I.; Sternberg, A.; Lehnert, M. D.; Tacconi-Garman, L. E. (2005-07-04), "Molecular Hydrogen Excitation around Active Galactic Nuclei", The Astrophysical Journal, 633 (1): 105–121, arXiv:astro-ph/0507062, Bibcode:2005ApJ...633..105D, doi:10.1086/444495
  7. ↑ Condon, J. J.; Cotton, W. D.; Broderick, J. J. (August 2002). "Radio Sources and Star Formation in the Local Universe". The Astronomical Journal. 124 (2): 675–689. Bibcode:2002AJ....124..675C. doi:10.1086/341650. ISSN 0004-6256. Archived from the original on 2026-01-10.
  8. ↑ E., Fedorova; A., Vasylenko; I., Hnatyk, B.; I., Zhdanov, V. (February 2016). "The peculiar megamaser AGN NGC 1194: Comparison with the warped disk candidates NGC 1068 and NGC 4258". Astronomische Nachrichten. 337 (1–2): 96. Bibcode:2016AN....337...96F. doi:10.1002/asna.201512272. ISSN 0004-6337. Archived from the original on 2023-07-11.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ↑ Turner, T J; Reeves, J N; Braito, V; Yaqoob, T; Kraemer, S B; Severgnini, P (2020-09-02). "Elucidating the global distribution of reprocessing gas in NGC 1194". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 498 (2): 1983–1991. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2401. ISSN 0035-8711.
  10. ↑ Liang, Fu-Heng; Smith, Mark D; Bureau, Martin; Gao, Feng; Davis, Timothy A; Cappellari, Michele; Elford, Jacob S; Greene, Jenny E; Iguchi, Satoru; Lelli, Federico; Lu, Anan; Ruffa, Ilaria; Williams, Thomas G; Zhang, Hengyue (2023-11-27). "WISDOM project – XVIII. Molecular gas distributions and kinematics of three megamaser galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 527 (3): 9343–9358. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3675. ISSN 0035-8711.
  11. ↑ Schmitt, H. R.; Donley, J. L.; Antonucci, R. R. J.; Hutchings, J. B.; Kinney, A. L. (October 2003). "A Hubble Space Telescope Survey of Extended [O iii] λ5007 Emission in a Far-Infrared Selected Sample of Seyfert Galaxies: Observations". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 148 (2): 327–352. arXiv:astro-ph/0307254. Bibcode:2003ApJS..148..327S. doi:10.1086/377440. ISSN 0067-0049.
  12. 1 2 Sosa-Brito, R. M.; Tacconi-Garman, L. E.; Lehnert, M. D.; Gallimore, J. F. (2001-04-11), "Integral Field Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of a Sample of Seyfert and LINER Galaxies. I. The Data", The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 136 (1): 61–98, arXiv:astro-ph/0104197, Bibcode:2001ApJS..136...61S, doi:10.1086/321796
  13. ↑ Kuo, C. Y.; Braatz, J. A.; Condon, J. J.; Impellizzeri, C. M. V.; Lo, K. Y.; Zaw, I.; Schenker, M.; Henkel, C.; Reid, M. J.; Greene, J. E. (2010-12-28). "The Megamaser Cosmology Project. III. Accurate Masses of Seven Supermassive Black Holes in Active Galaxies with Circumnuclear Megamaser Disks". The Astrophysical Journal. 727 (1): 20. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/727/1/20. ISSN 0004-637X.